The Englishman opened the bowling alongside former England international Chris Woakes after the Bears won the toss and he picked up three wickets in the opening session as Surrey went in for lunch at 61/4.
After captain Ed Barnard had run out Rory Burns for four, Bamber had Jamie Smith caught behind, trapped Ollie Pope LBW for 20 and then had Dan Lawrence caught in the slips for five.
Bamber’s opening spell set the tone for the Bears’ bowling attack and the 27-year-old was left pleased with his morning’s work, if a little frustrated with the afternoon.
Woakes picked up two wickets in quick succession after lunch before Tom Lawes and Ben Foakes set about the Surrey rebuild, with the former being caught by Dan Mousley off Nathan Gilchrist, who then wrapped up the visitors’ innings by bowling Foakes for 128.
The wicket of Foakes followed two in an over by Jordan Thompson, who accounted for Sean Abbott and Matt Fisher on his Bears’ debut, and Bamber hopes that momentum will continue into tomorrow’s batting performance.